RNA-centered mechanisms sustaining self-renewal in hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells: Effector dosage, protein output and regulatory deployment

Figure 3 RNA-guided deployment of self-renewal regulatory activity. Representative mechanisms in which RNA controls regulatory deployment through subnuclear positioning, locus access or RBP redistribution. A: SNORA49 limits HNRNPU-ZC3H18 recruitment to the SOX9 promoter, whereas SNORD88B positions WRN in the nucleolus and attenuates STK4/Hippo signaling; B: circIPO11 recruits TOP1 to the GLI1 promoter, HAND2-AS1 recruits INO80 to the BMPR1A promoter, and lnc-DILC limits IL-6 transcription; C: circZKSCAN1 sequesters FMRP away from CCAR1 mRNA, whereas m6A-modified circRAPGEF1 redirects IGF2BP3 away from ASS1 mRNA.