RNA-centered mechanisms sustaining self-renewal in hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells: Effector dosage, protein output and regulatory deployment

Figure 1 RNA control of self-renewal effector dosage and availability. Representative routes by which RNA-centered mechanisms alter self-renewal effector dosage or availability in hepatocellular carcinoma cancer stem cell models. A: miR-1246, miR-5188 and miR-500a-3p reduce inhibitory inputs to β-catenin or STAT3 signaling, whereas loss of miR-192-5p supports glycolysis; B: RALYL and ICR preserve selected mRNAs, DIO3OS restricts ZEB1 mRNA export, and CPEB1 regulates SIRT1 mRNA poly(A)-tail length; C: SNORA74A limits E2F2 degradation to promote NOTCH3 transcription, whereas lnc-β-Catm stabilizes β-catenin.