Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived chimeric antigen receptor natural killer cells: Engineering innovations, translational hurdles and clinical prospects in immune therapy

Figure 2 Literature sources, evidence stratification, and conceptual integration framework. This figure summarizes the literature sources, evidence-type stratification, and process of conceptual integration in this review. This review is primarily based on journal articles indexed in PubMed/NLM and confirmed by DOI verification, while also including published conference abstracts and DOI-confirmed literature related to background contextualization, comparison with competing platforms, manufacturing, quality control, regulatory considerations for translation, and methodology. As this review is a narrative review rather than a systematic review or meta-analysis, no quantitative pooled analysis was performed. Instead, the evidence was stratified into clinical and early translational evidence, preclinical evidence, engineering and mechanistic evidence, evidence related to manufacturing, quality control, and regulation, and background evidence and competing-platform comparison evidence, thereby supporting the conceptual integration framework of this review. CMC: Chemistry, Manufacturing and Controls; QC: Quality control.