Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A facilitates the senescence of human dental pulp stem cells by Parkin succinylation-mediated mitophagy

Figure 6 Parkin reverses the impacts on senescence and mitophagy caused by carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A. A: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) at passage 15 (p15) were transfected with shNC and shParkin, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was conducted to measure Parkin expression; B and C: After transfection with shCPT1A and shParkin, senescence in DPSCs was observed using senescence associated β-galactosidase staining; D and E: The levels of aging markers (p53, p21, and p16) were measured using immunoblotting; F: Transmission electron microscopy evaluation of mitophagy; G: Quantification of autophagic vacuoles per cell; H and I: The levels of mitophagy markers (PINK1, Parkin, and LC3B) were measured using immunoblotting; J: Immunofluorescent assay was conducted to visualize mitochondria (red dots) and lysosomes (green dots). n = 3/group; P < 0.001, P < 0.01, and P < 0.05 indicate statistically significant differences. CPT1A: Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A; SA-β-gal: Senescence associated β-galactosidase.