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Opinion Review
Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Stem Cells. Aug 26, 2026; 18(8): 119963
Published online Aug 26, 2026. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.119963
Figure 1
Figure 1 Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles promote bone regeneration in irradiated tissue by delivering mitochondria, microRNAs, and signaling molecules to restore energy metabolism, reprogram progenitor cells, and shift macrophages from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory phenotypes. hAMSC-sEVs: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles; miRNA: MicroRNA; RUNX2: Runt-related transcription factor 2.


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