Extracellular vesicle therapeutics for cardiac regeneration: Overcoming standardization hurdles

doi:10.4252/wjsc.114716

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Stem Cells. Aug 26, 2026; 18(8): 114716
Published online Aug 26, 2026. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.114716

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Figure 2 Standardized workflow and key decision points for clinical-grade extracellular vesicles in cardiac repair (depicts the four core components of clinical-grade extracellular vesicle therapy. Upstream cellular programming and production; rigorous characterization and quality control to define critical quality attributes; preclinical efficacy prediction and patient stratification for cohort selection; clinical translation with real-time monitoring and comprehensive safety evaluation to ensure effective treatment). EVs: Extracellular vesicles; SEC: Size exclusion chromatography; TFF: Tangential flow filtration; miRNA: MicroRNA; ITGA4: Integrin subunit alpha 4; CQAs: Critical Quality Attributes; hiPSC-CMs: Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes; IL-6: Interleukin-6; sST2: Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity-2; PET: Positron emission tomography; NIRF: Near-infrared fluorescence.

Citation: Xue RQ, Hou JY, Gao WX, Zhang LH, Liu YX, Zhou XS. Extracellular vesicle therapeutics for cardiac regeneration: Overcoming standardization hurdles. World J Stem Cells 2026; 18(8): 114716
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v18/i8/114716.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.114716

Xue RQ, Hou JY, Gao WX, Zhang LH, Liu YX, Zhou XS. Extracellular vesicle therapeutics for cardiac regeneration: Overcoming standardization hurdles. World J Stem Cells 2026; 18(8): 114716 [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.114716]

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