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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026.
World J Stem Cells. Jul 26, 2026; 18(7): 120363
Published online Jul 26, 2026. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.120363
Figure 3
Figure 3 Translational flow and key challenges in clinical development of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles therapeutics. Schematic representation of the essential phases in the clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles including mesenchymal stem cell expansion, scalable extracellular vesicle production, purification using techniques like tangential flow filtration and size-exclusion chromatography, and quality control assessment. Key translational challenges are also emphasized as essential factors affecting successful application in clinical setting. MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; EV: Extracellular vesicle; TFF: Tangential flow filtration; SEC: Size-exclusion chromatography.


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