Hypoxic preconditioning restores the regenerative potential of aged adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 10  Comparative gene expression analysis of mesenchymal stem cells from young, aged normoxia, and aged hypoxia groups. A-J: The mRNA expression levels of survival-associated genes protein kinase B (A), sirtuin 1 (B), vascular endothelial growth factor (C), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (D), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (E), and pro-apoptotic and cell cycle regulatory genes BAX (F), BAK1 (G), P53 (H), P21 (I), and P16 (J). Aged normoxic adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells exhibited reduced expression of survival-associated genes and increased expression of pro-apoptotic and senescence-related genes compared with young adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells, whereas hypoxic preconditioning partially restored youthful expression patterns. ^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001; ^dP < 0.0001. AKT1: Protein kinase B; SIRT1: Sirtuin 1; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; SDF1: Stromal cell-derived factor-1; IGF1: Insulin-like growth factor 1.