Exosomes of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells loaded with globular adiponectin improve islet function for type 2 diabetes

Figure 5 Changes of pancreatic AMP-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, protein kinase B and miR-21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats treated with globular adiponectin, exosome and globular adiponectin-loaded exosomes. A: Results of fluorescent real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction showing the effects of these treatments on AMP-activated protein kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, and miR-21 (n = 3); B and C: Sodium-dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis results showing the effects of globular adiponectin-loaded exosomes treatments on AMP-activated protein kinase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation (n = 3). ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, vs model respectively. AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ACC: Acetyl-CoA carboxylase; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B; T2DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Exo: Exosome; gAd: Globular adiponectin.