Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles repair of jaw osteoradionecrosis

Figure 5 Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles alleviated radiation-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells proliferation, migration and angiogenesis inhibition. A: Human amniotic mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (hAMSCs-sEVs) uptake by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Scale bar = 25 μm; B: Proliferation of HUVECs in the control, 12 Gy and 12 Gy + 10⁸/10⁹/10¹⁰ hAMSCs-sEVs groups; C and D: Western blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses of vascular endothelial growth factor expression in HUVECs in the control, 12 Gy and 12 Gy + 10⁸/10⁹/10¹⁰ hAMSCs-sEVs groups; E and F: Tube formation assay in the control, 12 Gy and 12 Gy + 10⁸/10⁹/10¹⁰ hAMSCs-sEVs groups. Scale bar = 100 μm; G and H: Transwell assay in the control, 12 Gy and 12 Gy + 10⁸/10⁹/10¹⁰ hAMSCs-sEVs groups. Scale bar = 100 μm; I and J: Scratch wound healing assay in the control, 12 Gy and 12 Gy + 10⁸/10⁹/10¹⁰ hAMSCs-sEVs groups. Scale bar = 100 μm. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01. OD: Optical density; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; sEVs: Small extracellular vesicles.