Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate fluoxetine-resistant depression-like behaviors in mice by multi-target effects in the hippocampus

Figure 4 Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviated hippocampal neuroinflammation in stressed mice. A: Western blot plot of protein in the different groups; B-G: Relative expression levels of CD68 (B), ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (C), arginase 1 (D), tumor necrosis factor-α (E), transforming growth factor-β (F), interleukin-10 (G), and normalized to GAPDH. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test (mean ± SEM, n = 4 per group). TGF: Transforming growth factor; Arg1: Arginase 1; TNF: Tumor necrosis factor; IL: Interleukin; Iba1: Ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1.