Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate fluoxetine-resistant depression-like behaviors in mice by multi-target effects in the hippocampus

Figure 3 Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells suppressed microglial overactivation. A: Representative immunofluorescence images of ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba)1 in the different subregions of the hippocampus; B-D: Quantification of relative fluorescence intensity of Iba1 in CA1 (B), CA3 (C), and dentate gyrus (DG) (D) regions; E: Representative immunofluorescence images of CD68 in the different subregions of the hippocampus: F-H: Quantification of relative fluorescence intensity of CD68 in CA1 (F), CA3 (G), and DG (H) regions. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test (mean ± SEM, n = 5 per group). FLX: Fluoxetine; hBMSCs: Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; DG: Dentate gyrus.