Human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells alleviate fluoxetine-resistant depression-like behaviors in mice by multi-target effects in the hippocampus

Figure 2 Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells ameliorated anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in stressed mice. A: Animal experiment flowchart; B: Representative heatmaps of open field test (OFT); C: Speed in the OFT; D: Frequency of entries into the central zone; E: Residence time in the central area; F: Representative heatmaps of elevated plus maze test; G: Frequency of entries into the open arm; H: Residence time in the open arm; I: Immobility time in the tail suspension test; J: Immobility time in the forced swim test; K: The percentage of sucrose preference. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparisons test (mean ± SEM, n = 12 per group). FLX: Fluoxetine; hBMSCs: Human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells; OFT: Open field test; EPM: Elevated plus maze; TST: Tail suspension test; FST: Forced swim test; SPT: Sucrose preference test.