Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells repair islet structure and function in diabetic rats through metabolic reprogramming

Figure 2 Pancreatic metabolomics data analysis of differential metabolites in rats from different groups. A: Schematic diagram of pancreatic metabolomic analysis in rats; B: Two-dimensional principal component analysis score scatterplot showing rats across all groups; C: Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) score scatterplot comparing the control and diabetes mellitus (DM) groups; D: OPLS-DA score scatterplot comparing the DM group with the DM + human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) group; E: Validation plots for OPLS-DA models comparing the control and DM groups; F: Validation plots of OPLS-DA models between the DM group and the DM + hUC-MSCs group; G and H: OPLS-DA S-plots comparing the control and DM groups (G), S-plots from OPLS-DA for the contrast between the DM group and the DM + hUC-MSCs group (H), the orange dots denote metabolites exhibiting variable importance in projection (VIP) > 1, while the green dots correspond to metabolites with VIP ≤ 1; I: Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the DM group compared with the control group; J: Clustered heatmap of metabolites with significant differences between the control group and the DM group; K: Volcano plot of differential metabolites between the DM + hUC-MSCs and DM groups; L: Heatmap with hierarchical clustering illustrating differential metabolites between the DM + hUC-MSCs and DM groups. Control, n = 8; DM, n = 6; DM + hUC-MSCs, n = 5. hUC-MSCs: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; DM: Diabetes mellitus; OPLS-DA: Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis; VIP: Variable importance projection.