Therapeutic potential of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells in ameliorating ovarian aging: Insights from single-cell analysis

Figure 7 Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation enhances oxidative phosphorylation. A: Oxidative phosphorylation activity was significantly increased in most somatic cell types following umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) transplantation; B: Activity of the senescence-associated p53 pathway; C: Activity of the senescence-associated transforming growth factor-β pathway; D: Activity of the senescence-associated Wnt pathway; E: The mRNA expression levels of Cox5a; F: The mRNA expression levels of Cox7b; G: The mRNA expression levels of Atp5e; H: The mRNA expression levels of Ndufb2; I: Validation of enhanced oxidative phosphorylation at the protein level by western blot analysis; J: Representative western blot images of COXIV; K: Representative western blot images of ATP5A; L: Mitochondrial pathway activity scores derived from the MitoCarta3.0 database, showing coordinated upregulation in stromal, theca, and granulosa cells following UCMSC transplantation. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, ^cP < 0.001, ^dP < 0.0001. GC: Granulosa cell; SC: Stromal cell; TC: Theca cell; EndoC: Endothelial cell; EpiC: Epithelial cell; IC: Immune cell; A-CON: Aged control; A-MSC: Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cell transplantation.