Aging puzzle: A closer look on the complex dilemma of autologous stem cell therapy

Figure 5 Overview of emerging approaches to restore the regenerative capacity of stem cells compromised by age and health status. These include hypoxic conditioning, genetic modifications, activation of signaling pathways, growth factor supplementation, bioactive compounds, exosome therapy, hybrid cell strategies, and advanced three-dimensional culture systems. Applying these methods to aged stem cells may rejuvenate their function and open new avenues for therapeutic interventions in elderly patients. 3D: Three-dimensional; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells.