Aging puzzle: A closer look on the complex dilemma of autologous stem cell therapy

Table 3 Studies on how donor age affects the regeneration potential of stem cells

	Title of study	Type of cells used	Sample size	Study type	Major findings	Ref.
1	Influence of donor age and comorbidities on transduced human adipose-derived stem cell in vitro osteogenic potential	ADSCs	122	In vitro	Donor age had little effect on self-renewal capacity, proliferation, cell yield, and osteogenic capacity of ADSCs. ADSCs are a reliable resource for gene therapy applications involving both autologous and allogeneic cells	[25]
2	Impact of donor age on the osteogenic supportive capacity of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular matrix	ADSCs	4	In vitro	Older donors showed reduced osteogenic support	[23]
3	Transplanting cells from old but not young donors causes physical dysfunction in older recipients	ADSCs	12	In vivo	Old ADSCs impaired physical function in recipients	[26]
4	Age affects the paracrine activity and differentiation potential of human adipose-derived stem cells	ADSCs	8	In vitro	Older ADSCs had reduced paracrine function and differentiation	[27]
5	Effect of donor age and 3D-cultivation on osteogenic differentiation capacity of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells	ADSCs	11	In vitro	Younger ADSCs showed stronger osteogenesis; older cells declined	[28]
6	Age-related changes in the regenerative potential of adipose-derived stem cells isolated from the prominent fat pads in human lower eyelids	OADSCs	20	In vitro	Regenerative potential declines with donor age	[29]
7	Influence of donor age on the differentiation and division capacity of human adipose-derived stem cells	ADSCs	18	In vitro	No significant correlation with age	[30]
8	Donor age negatively impacts adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell expansion and differentiation	ADSCs	40	In vitro	Minimal effect on chondrogenic/osteogenic potential	[1]
9	The effect of age on the regenerative potential of human eyelid adipose-derived stem cells	OADSCs	13	In vitro	Aging reduced osteogenic, chondrogenic, and wound-healing abilities	[31]
10	The influence of aging on the regenerative potential of human adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells	ADSCs	28	In vitro	Older ADSCs had reduced proliferation and differentiation	[32]
11	Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from the elderly exhibit decreased migration and differentiation abilities with senescent properties	Subcutaneous ADSCs	24	In vitro	Elderly ADSCs had reduced migration and higher senescence	[33]
12	Human periosteal derived stem cell potential: The impact of age	Periosteal stem cells	8	In vitro	Aging altered markers and bone remodeling gene	[34]
13	Phenotype, donor age and gender affect function of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells	BM-MSCs	53	In vitro	No correlation with donor age	[35]
14	Aging alters tissue resident mesenchymal stem cell properties	ADSCs	40	In vitro	Aging reduced differentiation ability	[36]

ADSCs: Adipose-derived stromal cells; 3D: Three-dimensional; OADSCs: Orbital adipose-derived stromal cells; BM-MSCs: Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells.