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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Stem Cells. Sep 26, 2025; 17(9): 108523
Published online Sep 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i9.108523
Figure 2
Figure 2 Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies for cartilage repair. A simplified schematic representing the application of stem cells - including mesenchymal stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells - in combination with bioengineering tools such as biomaterial scaffolds, growth factors, and three-dimensional bioprinting. These integrated approaches collectively drive chondrogenesis and facilitate functional cartilage regeneration. MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells; 3D: Three-dimensional.


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