Review
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Stem Cells. Aug 26, 2025; 17(8): 107480
Published online Aug 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i8.107480
Figure 1
Figure 1 Multiplicity of mesenchymal stem cells’ cardio-protective signaling mechanisms. Created in BioRender (Supplementary material). MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; IL: Interleukin; TGF: Transforming growth factor; IFN: Interferon; HGF: Hepatocyte growth factor; PGE2: Prostaglandin E2; VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; PI3K: Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase; AKT: Protein kinase B; MMP: Matrix metalloprotease; SDF: Stromal-derived factor; IGF: Insulin-like growth factor.