Nutrient sensing in intestinal stem cell: Linking dietary nutrients to cellular metabolic regulation

Figure 3 Distinct regulatory effects of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels on intestinal stem cells fate. A: Physiological levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species modulate mitochondrial dynamics and quality control mechanisms to coordinate intestinal stem cell self-renewal and differentiation; B: Excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species accumulation triggers intestinal stem cell death. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; mtROS: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species; Drp1: Dynamin-related protein 1; MFF1: Mitochondrial fission factor 1; Fis1: Fission 1; Pink1: Phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1; Atg: Autophagy-related gene; OPA1: Optic atrophy 1; MFN2: Mitofusin-2.