Molecular and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on autoimmune diseases

Figure 2 Immunopathogenesis of Behçet’s disease and potential therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells/mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes. Created with http://biorender.com. MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; MSC-Exos: Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes; MHC-II: Major histocompatibility complex class II; TCR: T cell receptor; IFN-γ: Interferon-gamma; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL-12: Interleukin-12; Treg: Regulatory T cell; Th1: T helper 1; Th17: T helper 17; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-beta; GM-CSF: Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; M-CSF: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor; γδ T cells: Gamma delta T cells; M1: Proinflammatory macrophage; M2: Anti-inflammatory macrophage; CCL2: C-C motif chemokine ligand 2; CCL21: C-C motif chemokine ligand 21; miRNA: MicroRNA.