Childhood insulin resistance and neural stem cell dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: Role of de novo lipogenesis and treatment perspectives

Table 3 Effects of selected adjunctive drugs/therapies on insulin resistance, neural stem cell proliferation/neurogenesis, and cognition in animals and/or human subjects

Drugs/therapies	Insulin resistance	Neurogenesis	Cognition
Aspirin	Reduced[142]	Increased[157]	Improved[157]
N-acetylcysteine	Reduced[143]	Increased[158]	Improved[172]
Minocycline	Reduced[144]	Increased[159]	Improved[173]
Pregnenolone	May reduce[145]	Increased[160]	Improved[174]
Estrogens	Reduced[146]	Increased[161]	Improved[175]
Raloxifene	Reduced[147]	Increased[162]	Improved[176]
Tamoxifen	Increased[148]	Increased[163]	Improved[177]
Curcumin	Reduced[149]	Increased[164]	Improved[164]
Pioglitazone	Reduced[150]	Increased[165]	Improved[178]
Celecoxib	Reduced[151]	May reduce[166]	Improved[179]
ω3-PUFAs	Reduced[152]	Increased[167]	Improved[180]
SIRT1-A	Reduced[153]	Increased[168]	Improved[181]
Aerobic exercise	Reduced[154]	Increased[169]	Improved[182]
Resistance exercise	May reduce[155]	Increased[170]	Improved[183]
MSC therapy	Reduced[156]	Increased[171]	Improved[184]

ω3-PUFAs: ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids; SIRT1-A: Sirtuin 1-agonist; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell.