Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells reduce platelet α-granule release in rats via the AKT/MEK/ERK pathway during acute exposure to high-altitude hypoxia

Figure 1 Isolation, culture, identification, and induced differentiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. A: On day 15 of primary cell culture, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells exhibited robust growth and over 90% confluence (magnification 100 ×); B: Identification of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell surface antigens by flow cytometry; C: Induction of chondroblastic differentiation for three weeks resulted in the appearance of chondrocytes that stained blue with Alcian Blue (magnification 50 ×); D: Induction of adipogenic differentiation for two weeks resulted in the appearance of lipid droplets that stained red with Oil Red O (magnification 200 ×); E: Induction of osteogenic differentiation for three weeks led to the appearance of calcium nodules that stained red with Alizarin Red (magnification 100 ×).