Challenges in the clinical translation of stromal vascular fraction therapy in regenerative medicine

Table 4 Patient-specific factors affecting stromal vascular fraction therapy

Factor	Impact on SVF therapy efficacy	Considerations for clinical trials
Age	Older patients may have reduced stem cell function and regenerative capacity	Stratify participants by age; analyze age-related efficacy differences
BMI	Obesity can affect adipose tissue quality and SVF cell composition	Control for BMI in study designs; assess cell quality based on BMI
Comorbidities	Conditions like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases may impair SVF integration	Exclude or specifically include certain comorbidities; subgroup analyses
Immune status	Immunosuppressed patients may have altered SVF cell behavior	Monitor immune markers; consider immunomodulatory effects
Gender	Potential differences in SVF cell composition and hormonal influences	Ensure balanced gender representation; analyze gender-specific outcomes
Medication use	Certain medications may influence SVF cell viability and function	Record and control for concurrent medication use; adjust protocols accordingly
Lifestyle factors	Smoking, alcohol use, and physical activity can affect tissue healing	Collect detailed lifestyle data; adjust for confounding variables
Genetic factors	Genetic variations may influence SVF cell behavior and therapeutic response	Consider genetic screening; explore personalized approaches

SVF: Stromal vascular fraction; BMI: Body mass index.