Challenges in the clinical translation of stromal vascular fraction therapy in regenerative medicine

Table 3 Comparison of stromal vascular fraction isolation methods

Isolation method	Technique description	Advantages	Challenges
Enzymatic digestion	Uses enzymes like collagenase to break down adipose tissue	High yield of viable cells. Effective separation of SVF	Potential for enzymatic damage. Regulatory concerns with enzyme use
Mechanical separation	Utilizes physical methods like centrifugation and filtration	Minimal enzymatic manipulation. Reduced regulatory barriers	Lower cell yield. Potential for contamination
Combination methods	Combines enzymatic and mechanical techniques	Balances cell yield and purity. Enhanced reproducibility	Increased complexity. Higher cost
Automated systems	Employs automated devices for consistent processing	Standardization across batches. Improved sterility	High initial investment. Limited accessibility
Non-enzymatic techniques	Uses methods like pressure-based separation	Avoids use of enzymes. Potentially lower cost	Variable cell yield. Less efficient separation

SVF: Stromal vascular fraction.