Optimizing mesenchymal stem cell therapy for tendon-bone healing: Multifaceted approaches and future directions

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.114076

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Stem Cells. Dec 26, 2025; 17(12): 114076
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.114076

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Figure 3 Methods for engineering exosomes preconditioning and endogenous loading guide parent cells to produce exosomes enriched with desired proteins and nucleic acids. Exogenous loading modifies isolated exosomes to carry target molecules or to recognize specific cells through peptide-linked surface sites. VEGF: Vascular endothelial growth factor; BMP-2: Bone morphogenetic protein 2; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; CAP: Cartilage affinity peptide; LIPUS: Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound; miRNA: MicroRNA.

Citation: Li H, Li ZP, Zhu MT, Lan CH, Wang YX, Liao P, Chen Z, Wang P, Sun JK, Shi Z, Lu PY, Lou C, Xu GH. Optimizing mesenchymal stem cell therapy for tendon-bone healing: Multifaceted approaches and future directions. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 114076
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v17/i12/114076.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.114076

Li H, Li ZP, Zhu MT, Lan CH, Wang YX, Liao P, Chen Z, Wang P, Sun JK, Shi Z, Lu PY, Lou C, Xu GH. Optimizing mesenchymal stem cell therapy for tendon-bone healing: Multifaceted approaches and future directions. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 114076 [PMID: 41480394 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.114076]

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