Novel developments in retinal regeneration: Advances and future outlooks in stem cell therapy

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Stem Cells. Dec 26, 2025; 17(12): 111374
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.111374

Table 1 Gene editing and retinal organoid strategies in retinal therapy

Strategy	Application	Current limitations	Ref.
CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing	Correction of pathogenic mutations in patient-specific iPSCs	Off-target effects, ethical concerns, and delivery efficiency	[26,27,30,31]
Retinal organoids	Modeling retinal development and disease; source of transplantable cells	Limited maturation, variability, and scalability for clinical use	[29-42]

iPSCs: Induced pluripotent stem cells.

Citation: Zeppieri M, Visalli F, Musa M, Avitabile A, Giglio R, Tognetto D, Gagliano C, D’Esposito F, Cappellani F. Novel developments in retinal regeneration: Advances and future outlooks in stem cell therapy. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 111374
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v17/i12/111374.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.111374

Zeppieri M, Visalli F, Musa M, Avitabile A, Giglio R, Tognetto D, Gagliano C, D’Esposito F, Cappellani F. Novel developments in retinal regeneration: Advances and future outlooks in stem cell therapy. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 111374 [PMID: 41480395 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.111374]

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