Impact of differentiation protocols on the functionality of mesenchymal stem cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells

Figure 3 Analysis of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells. A: Microscopy images showing red-stained calcium deposits in differentiated osteocytes (top row) and red-stained fat vacuoles in differentiated adipocytes (bottom row), scale bar = 50 μm; B and C: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the two osteogenic-related genes runt-related transcription factor 2 (B) and OCN2 (C) in induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (control); D and E: Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis of the adipogenic-related genes Adipsin (D), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (E) in induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells compared to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. All data are expressed as mean ± SE from at least three independent technical replicates. ^bP ≤ 0.01; ^cP ≤ 0.001; ^dP ≤ 0.0001. BM-MSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; EB-iMSCs: Embryoid body-induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cells; iMSC: Induced pluripotent stem cells-derived mesenchymal stem cell; RUNX2: Runt-related transcription factor 2; PPAR: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor.