©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Stem Cells. Dec 26, 2025; 17(12): 106128
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128
Figure 5 Polymerase chain reaction gene detection of apoptosis and calcification gene expression in the indicated intervention groups.
A: Osteopontin expression in the indicated intervention groups; B: Bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression in the indicated intervention groups; C: Bcl-2 expression in the indicated intervention groups; D: Caspase3 expression in the indicated intervention groups; E: BAX expression in the indicated intervention groups; F: Smad3 expression in the indicated intervention groups; G: Transforming growth factor-β expression in the indicated intervention groups. aP < 0.05, bP < 0.01. OPN: Osteopontin; BMP-2: Bone morphogenetic protein-2; TGF-β: Transforming growth factor-β; M-nHAPs: Medium concentration nanoscale hydroxyapatites; M-CNPs: Medium concentration calcifying nanoparticles.
- Citation: Su XL, Xu FR, Yang J, Niu SQ, Shi HJ, He YF, Li ZH, Bagari P, Wu XW, Peng XY, Zhang HW, Wang MY. Calcifying nanoparticles induce apoptosis and calcification in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 106128
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v17/i12/106128.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128