©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Stem Cells. Dec 26, 2025; 17(12): 106128
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128
Figure 4 Calcium deposition in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells after alizarin red staining in the indicated treatment groups (× 100).
L-nHAPs: Low concentration nanoscale hydroxyapatites; M-nHAPs: Medium concentration nanoscale hydroxyapatites; H-nHAPs: High concentration nanoscale hydroxyapatites; L-CNPs: Low concentration calcifying nanoparticles; M-CNPs: Medium concentration calcifying nanoparticles; H-CNPs: High concentration calcifying nanoparticles.
- Citation: Su XL, Xu FR, Yang J, Niu SQ, Shi HJ, He YF, Li ZH, Bagari P, Wu XW, Peng XY, Zhang HW, Wang MY. Calcifying nanoparticles induce apoptosis and calcification in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 106128
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v17/i12/106128.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128