Calcifying nanoparticles induce apoptosis and calcification in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Stem Cells. Dec 26, 2025; 17(12): 106128
Published online Dec 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128

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Figure 2 The trends of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and apoptosis on exposure to different concentrations of nanoscale hydroxyapatites and different concentrations of calcifying nanoparticles groups compared with controls. A: The trends of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation on exposure to different concentrations of nanoscale hydroxyapatites and different concentrations of calcifying nanoparticles groups compared with controls; B: The trends of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell apoptosis on exposure to different concentrations of nanoscale hydroxyapatites and different concentrations of calcifying nanoparticles groups compared with controls. L-nHAPs: Low concentration nanoscale hydroxyapatites; M-nHAPs: Medium concentration nanoscale hydroxyapatites; H-nHAPs: High concentration nanoscale hydroxyapatites; L-CNPs: Low concentration calcifying nanoparticles; M-CNPs: Medium concentration calcifying nanoparticles; H-CNPs: High concentration calcifying nanoparticles.

Citation: Su XL, Xu FR, Yang J, Niu SQ, Shi HJ, He YF, Li ZH, Bagari P, Wu XW, Peng XY, Zhang HW, Wang MY. Calcifying nanoparticles induce apoptosis and calcification in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 106128
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v17/i12/106128.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128

Su XL, Xu FR, Yang J, Niu SQ, Shi HJ, He YF, Li ZH, Bagari P, Wu XW, Peng XY, Zhang HW, Wang MY. Calcifying nanoparticles induce apoptosis and calcification in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via the transforming growth factor-β/Smad pathway. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(12): 106128 [PMID: 41480401 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i12.106128]

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