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Editorial
©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Stem Cells. Nov 26, 2025; 17(11): 113032
Published online Nov 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i11.113032
Figure 1
Figure 1 Mitochondria play a crucial role in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells through various mechanisms, including energy metabolism, oxidative stress regulation, mitochondrial dynamics, and autophagy. ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; OxPhos: Oxidative phosphorylation; TCA: Tricarboxylic acid; NF-κB: Nuclear factor kappa B; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; PI3K: Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; Akt: Protein kinase B; Wnt: Wingless/integrase; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; ER: Endoplasmic reticulum; PINK1: PTEN-induced kinase 1.


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