Cancer cell-dependent increase in senescence-like populations following exosome treatment from bone marrow and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells

Figure 3 Assessment of exosome uptake, proliferation, and apoptosis in PANC1 and MDA-MB-231 cells with exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. A and B: Fluorescence images showing internalization of DiI-labeled exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by PANC1 (A) and MDA-MB-231 (B) cells after 12 hours of incubation. Red fluorescence indicates exosomes, scale bar = 50 μm; C-E: MTT assay results showing cell viability in PANC1 (C), MDA-MB-231 (D), and human dermal fibroblasts (E) following 24 hours and 48 hours of treatment with 50 μg/mL exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; F and G: Flow cytometric analysis of apoptosis in PANC1 (F) and MDA-MB-231 (G) after 48-hour exposure to exosomes, using Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Quadrants represent: Q1 = necrotic; Q2 = late apoptotic; Q3 = viable; and Q4 = early apoptotic cells. Data are presented as mean ± SD. ^aP ≤ 0.05, ^dP ≤ 0.0001. iMSC-Exos: Exosomes derived from induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cells; BMSC-Exos: Exosomes derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell; SFM: Serum-free medium; HDF: Human dermal fibroblasts.