Extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells in bone regeneration: Mechanisms and therapeutic advances

doi:10.4252/wjsc.v17.i10.110248

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World Journal of Stem Cells

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1948-0210

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Stem Cells. Oct 26, 2025; 17(10): 110248
Published online Oct 26, 2025. doi: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i10.110248

Table 3 Preclinical strategies of adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in osteoporosis

Pretreated cells/modified EVs	Mechanism	Animal model	Delivery	In vivo effects	Ref.
MiR-146a-overexpressing ADSC-EVs	MiR-146a delivery to suppress inflammasome	STZ-induced diabetic rat	Tail vein, every 2 days	↑Bone density; ↓inflammation; best effect with miR-146a	[25]
ADSC-EVs (unmodified)	Activates Nrf2/HO-1	Dexamethasone rat	Tail vein, 3 ×/week	↑BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N; ↓apoptosis; ↑osteogenesis	[83]
ADSC-EVs enriched in OPG, miR-21-5p	Inhibit osteoclastogenesis; promote MSC migration	OVX mouse	IV, 3 ×/week	↑BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N; ↓osteoclasts; ↑MSC migration	[85]
WSTLZT-treated ADSC-EVs (miR-122-5p)	Regulate bone-fat balance via SPRY2/MAPK	OVX mouse	Tail vein, weekly	↑BMD, BV/TV, Tb.Th; ↓Tb.Sp, marrow adipose; ↑osteogenesis	[94]
ADSC-EVs (unmodified)	Suppress NLRP3 inflammasome	STZ-induced diabetic rat	Tail vein, every 2 days	↑Bone mineral density; ↓IL-1β, IL-18; ↓osteoclasts	[95]

EVs: Extracellular vesicles; miR-146a: MicroRNA-146a; ADSC-EVs: Adipose-derived stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; STZ: Streptozotocin; Nrf2: Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2; HO-1: Heme oxygenase-1; BMD: Bone mineral density; BV/TV: Bone volume/total volume; Tb.Th: Trabecular thickness; Tb.N: Trabecular number; OPG: Osteoprotegerin; miR-21-5p: MicroRNA-21-5p; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell; OVX: Ovariectomized; IV: Intravenous; WSTLZT: Wen-Shen-Tong-Luo-Zhi-Tong; miR-122-5p: MicroRNA-122-5p; SPRY2: Sprouty homolog 2; MAPK: Mitogen-activated protein kinase; Tb.Sp: Trabecular separation; NLRP3: NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3; IL-1β: Interleukin-1β; IL-18: Interleukin-18.

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Citation: Lin A, Yu JL, Yuan SM, Tang YF, Yang KX, Wang YH, Huo FJ, Jin ZR, Xiao Q, Yang C, Tian WD. Extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells in bone regeneration: Mechanisms and therapeutic advances. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(10): 110248
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1948-0210/full/v17/i10/110248.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4252/wjsc.v17.i10.110248

Lin A, Yu JL, Yuan SM, Tang YF, Yang KX, Wang YH, Huo FJ, Jin ZR, Xiao Q, Yang C, Tian WD. Extracellular vesicles from adipose-derived stem cells in bone regeneration: Mechanisms and therapeutic advances. World J Stem Cells 2025; 17(10): 110248 [PMID: 41180222 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v17.i10.110248]

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