Synovial mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes delivering GRPEL1 activate PINK1-mediated mitophagy to promote cartilage repair in arthritis

Figure 12  Impact of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 knockdown on mitochondrial dysfunction and mitophagy in interleukin-1 beta-induced CHON-001 cells. Changes in CHON-001 cells were observed in the experimental groups. A-J: Total reactive oxygen species levels (A and B), mitochondrial reactive oxygen species levels (C and D), mitochondrial membrane potential (JC-1) (E and F), mitochondrial DNA levels (G), ATP levels (H), malondialdehyde levels (I) and protein expression levels of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1, parkin, P62, and light chain 3 II/I (J) in CHON-001 cells from each group. Statistical notation consistent with previous figures recommended. Scale bar: 50 μm. ^bP < 0.01 vs control; ^dP < 0.01 vs IL-1β + oeNC + shNC; ^fP < 0.01 vs IL-1β + GRPEL1 + shNC. ROS: Reactive oxygen species; mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA; ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; MDA: Malondialdehyde; PINK1: Phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1; LC3-II/LC3-I: Light chain 3 conversion.