Synovial mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes delivering GRPEL1 activate PINK1-mediated mitophagy to promote cartilage repair in arthritis

Figure 11  Impact of phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 knockdown on GrpE-like 1-mediated changes in interleukin-1 beta-induced CHON-001 cells. A: Cell viability assessment across experimental groups, evaluating cellular metabolic activity using the CCK-8 assay; B: Transwell migration assay to determine cellular migratory capacity under different conditions (scale bar: 50 μm); C: Western blot analysis of cartilage-associated proteins (collagen II, aggrecan, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5, matrix metalloproteinase-13) to assess matrix metabolism and chondrocyte phenotype. ^bP < 0.01 vs control; ^dP < 0.01 vs IL-1β + oeNC + shNC; ^fP < 0.01 vs IL-1β + GRPEL1 + shNC. OD: Optical density; ADAMTS5: A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5; MMP-13: Matrix metalloproteinase-13.