Neural stem cells for Parkinson’s disease management: Challenges, nanobased support, and prospects

Table 1 Experimental studies on the therapeutic role of neural stem cells in Parkinson’s disease models

Cells type	Model	Effects	Ref.
Undifferentiated NSCs line C17.2	6-OHDA rat model	Striatum deposition	Yang et al[32]
		↑ Expression of β-tubulin III, NSE, NeuN
		↑ TH- and AADC-positive cells
		↓ Motor behaviour deficits
hCNSPCs	6-OHDA rat model	Striatum deposition	Svendsen et al[33]
		↑ Expression of β-tubulin III
		↑ TH- and hGFAP-positive cells
		↓ Motor behavior deficits
hNSCs	6-OHDA mice model	Striatum deposition	Zuo et al[35]
		↓ IL-1 β, IL-2, and TNF-a
		↑ IL-10
		↓ Motor behavior deficits
hfNSC line (HB1.F3)	6-OHDA rat model	Striatum deposition	Yasuhara et al[37]
		↑ Expression of nestin, HuD, β-tubulin III-positive, MAP2-positive, and NeuN positive and HuC negative
		↑ TH-positive cells
		↓ Motor behavior deficits
hNFG-GFP-OBNSCs	6-OHDA rat model	Striatum deposition normal histoarchitecture of the striatum	Marei et al[38]
		↑ Striatal neurons
		↓ Necrotic cells
		↓ Motor behavior deficits
human dental papilla-derived stem cells and hbNSCs	6-OHDA rat model	Striatum deposition	Yoon et al[40]
		↑ MAP2- positive cells
		↑ TH- and GIRK2-positive cells
		↔ No differences behavioral amelioration
hbNSCs	6-OHDA rat model	Striatum deposition	Shin et al[41]
		↑ TH- and human β2 microglobulin-positive cells
		↔ No differences behavioral amelioration
hNSCs	MPTP-induced monkeys	Striatum deposition	Redmond et al[43]
		↑ TH- and DAT- positive cells
		↑ DA level
		↓ Motor behavior deficits
hpNSCs	MPTP-induced monkeys	Striatum deposition	Gonzalez et al[44]
		↑ Striatal DA concentration, TH- positive cells, TH fiber innervation
		↓ Behavior deficit

6-OHDA: 6-hydroxydopamine; AADC: Aromatic L-amino decarboxylase; DA: Dopamine; DAergic: Dopaminergic; DAT: Dopamine transporter; GIRK2: G Protein-activated inward rectifier potassium channel 2; hNSCs: Human NSCs; hbNSCs: Human brain-derived NSCs; hfNSCs: Human fetal-derived NSCs; hGFAP: Human glial fibrillary acidic protein; hNFG-GFP-OBNSCs: Olfactory bulb neural stem cells (OBNSCs) genetically engineered to express hNGF and GFP; hpNSCs: Human parthenogenetic stem cell-derived NSCs; HuC: Very early neuronal marker; HuD: Postmitotic neuronal marker; MAP2: Microtubule-associated protein 2; MPTP: 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; NSE: Neuron-specific enolase; NeuN: Matured neuronal marker; NPCs: Neural progenitor cells; TH: Tyrosine hydroxylase; TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor- α.