Application of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells promotes hair growth by regulating human dermal cells and follicles

Figure 3 Interaction of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with outer root sheath cells leads to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. A: Outer root sheath (ORS) cells incubated for 2 h with non-labeled human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hMSC-EVs) (5 μg/mL) and DiD-labeled hMSC-EVs (2.5 and 5 μg/mL; hMSC-EVs/DiD) (scale bar: 20 μm); B: ORS cell proliferation was determined using a CCK8 assay 24 h after treatment with 0–5 μg/mL hMSC-EVs (n = 4); C and D: Phase-contrast microscopy images of migrated ORS cells 24 h after treatment with hMSC-EVs (2.5 and 5 μg/mL; scale bar: 50 μm); the quantified data of migrated cells are shown in (A) (n = 3); E: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results of mRNA expressions of keratin (K) 6, K16, K17, and K75 in ORS cells treated with hMSC-EVs (5 and 10 μg/mL) for 24 h (n = 3). The values obtained from experiments are shown mean ± SD (^aP < 0.05; ^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. Student’s t-test was used for comparison). NS: Not significant; hMSC-EVs: Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; ORS: Outer root sheath.