Application of extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells promotes hair growth by regulating human dermal cells and follicles

Figure 2 Interaction of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles with dermal papillae cells leads to cell proliferation and activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. A: Dermal papillae (DP) cells incubated for 2 h with non-labeled human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (hMSC-EVs) (10 μg/mL) and DiD-labeled hMSC-EVs (5 and 10 μg/mL; hMSC-EVs/DiD) (scale bar: 20 μm); B: DP cell proliferation was determined using a CCK8 assay 24 h after treatment with 0–10 μg hMSC-EVs (n = 5); C: β-catenin immunofluorescence assay in DP cells after 24 h of treatment with hMSC-EVs (10 μg/mL) (scale bar: 20 μm); D: The levels of β-catenin in the nuclear fraction of DP cells treated with hMSC-EVs (5 and 10 μg/mL) with histone H3 used as a loading control for nuclear fraction; E: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction results of mRNA expression of Axin2, EP2 and LEF1 in DP cells treated with hMSC-EVs (5 and 10 μg/mL) for 24 h (n = 3). The values obtained from experiments are shown mean ± SD (^bP < 0.01; ^cP < 0.001. Student’s t-test was used for comparison). hMSC-EVs: Human mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles; DP: Dermal papillae.