Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes: A novel and potential remedy for cutaneous wound healing and regeneration

Figure 1 Mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes on cutaneous wound healing. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes contain a variety of proteins and nucleic acids and hold great potential for promoting cutaneous wound healing. Specifically, MSC-derived exosomes exert therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms. They can inhibit inflammation via modulating macrophage polarization. Besides, during the proliferation phase, MSC-exosomes promote angiogenesis, as well as the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. Furthermore, MSC-exosomes can improve extracellular matrix remodeling. As a result, MSC-derived exosomes have offered a new paradigm in the treatment of cutaneous wounds. ECM: Extracellular matrix; MSC: Mesenchymal stem cell.