SPOC domain-containing protein 1 regulates the proliferation and apoptosis of human spermatogonial stem cells through adenylate kinase 4

Figure 8 SPOC domain-containing protein 1 expression in the testes of obstructive azoospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia patients. A and B: Proportions of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha-1-positive spermatogonial stem cells (red) with SPOC domain-containing protein 1 (SPOCD1) expression (green) in obstructive azoospermia (OA) with normal spermatogenesis and other types of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) patients; C and D: Western blot analysis shows SPOCD1 protein levels in OA and NOA patients. In (A), each picture represents one testicular sample. Each group had two samples. HS: Hypospermatogenesis; Normal: Normal spermatogenesis; Spc MA: Spermatocyte maturation arrest; Spg MA: Spermatogonia maturation arrest. Scale bar in A: 50 μm. ^aP < 0.05.