Strategies to improve regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells

Table 1 Oxygen concentrations in various stem cells niches

Tissue/Organ	Oxygen concentration	Ref.
Adipose tissue (source: ASCs)	2%-10%	[31]
Bone marrow (source: MSCs)	1%-6%	[32,33]
Eye (retina, corpus vitreous) (Source: Limbal stem cells)	1%-5%	[119,120]
Brain (source: Neural stem cells)	0.5%-8%	[121,122]
Heart (source: Cardiac progenitor cells)	4%-14%	[123]
Kidney (source: Renal stem/progenitor cells)	4%-14%	[124]
Liver (source: Liver stem cells)	4%-14%	[125]
Umbilical veins and arteries	2.4%-3.8%	[126]

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells.