Application of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine

Table 1 Comparison between primary mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells

Comparison	Primary MSCs	hPSC-MSCs	Ref.
Cell number	Limited	Unlimited	[17,36]
Proliferation	Slower	Faster	[36,39,42,43,48,57]
Life span	Shorter	Longer	[17]
Variation	Higher	Lower	[119]
Differentiation potential	Higher	Lower, esp. adipogenesis	[31,43,47,48]
Immunosuppression	Higher	Lower	[38,46]
Pluripotent genes	Lower	Higher	[45]
Mesenchymal genes	Higher	Lower	[45]
VCAM1	Higher	Lower	[44]
HLA-II	Higher	Lower	[46]

MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells; hPSC-MSCs: Human pluripotent stem cells derived MSCs; VCAM1: Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; HLA-II: Human leukocyte antigen gene complex class II.