Regulation of the mesenchymal stem cell fate by interleukin-17: Implications in osteogenic differentiation

Figure 1 Overview of interleukin-17A signaling. Interleukin (IL)-17A in a dimeric form binds to the cell surface receptor complex comprising IL-17RA and IL-17RC, which triggers the intracellular interaction with the adaptor protein Act1. Then, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) effector proteins associated with Act1: Act1-TRAF6 complex promotes activation of nuclear factor-kB and mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1,2, p38, and JNK; Act1-TRAF4 complex induces activation of ERK5; and, Act1-TRAF2/5 complex modulates mRNA stability. For more details, see the text. IL-17: Interleukin-17; TRAF: Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor; NF-κB: Nuclear factor-κB.