Involvement of glycated albumin in adipose-derived-stem cell-mediated interleukin 17 secreting T helper cell activation

Figure 2 Lean adipose-derived stem cells increase the levels of interleukin 17A, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interferon gamma secretion by mononuclear cells, in the presence of glycated human serum albumin. Lean adipose-derived stem cells (ASC) were co-cultured with mononuclear cells (MNC) at the 1:5 ASC to MNC cell ratio, in the presence of 1% glycated human serum albumin or human serum albumin (HSA) for 48 h, phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) was added or not at 5 µg/mL. As control, MNC were cultured alone in the presence of PHA or not, and HSA. ELISA were performed to measure interleukin (IL)-17A, IL-1β, IL-6, interferon gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha production. Bars represent the mean ± SE of 5 independent experiments performed in triplicates. The P values shown in the figure correspond to ANOVA multivariate results and ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01, respectively as obtained by Bonferroni post-hoc tests. ASC: Adipose-derived stem cells; MNC: Mononuclear cells; G-HSA: Glycated human serum albumin; HSA: Human serum albumin; PHA: Phytohemagglutinin A; IL: Interleukin; IFNγ: Interferon gamma; TNFα: Tumor necrosis factor alpha.