Adipose-derived stem cell therapy shows promising results for secondary lymphedema

Table 2 Adipose-derived stem cells-based therapy for secondary lymphedema in human

Year	Ref.	Study type	Patient number	Edema site	Etiology	ADSC origin	Cell dose	Injection method	Auxiliary treatment	Valuation criteria	Result(s)	Follow-up
2015	Peña Quián et al[46]	Case report	1	Lower limb	Recurrent lymphangitis	Autologous	1-2.2 × 109	NM	N	Lymphoscintigraphy	The presence of new lymphatic ramifications and a greater number of lymph nodes	6 mo
2016	Toyserkani et al[47]	Nonramdomized clinical trial	1	Upper limb	BCRL	Autologous	4.07 × 107	Injected at 8 different points of axilla	Fat grafting (10 mL)	(1) Circumference; (2) DXA scans; and (3) Discomfort (infection, pain, and swelling)	(1) A reduction in volume; (2) Relief of symptoms (heaviness and tension); (3) A reduction of compression therapy; and (4) No complication	1 and 4 mo
2017	Toyserkanl et al[48]	Nonramdomized clinical trial	10	Upper limb	BCRL	Autologous	5 × 107	Injected at 8 different points of axilla	Fat grafting (28 mL)	(1) Volume assessment; (2) DXA scans; and (3) Discomfort (redness, swelling, itching, pain, and infection)	No significant reduction in volume; reduction of conservative managements (50%); reduction of symptoms	1, 3, 6, and 12 mo
2019	Toyserkanl et al[49]	Nonramdomized clinical trial	10	Upper limb	BCRL	Autologous	5 × 107	Injected at 8 different points of axilla	Fat grafting (30 mL)	(1)Volume assessment; (2) DXA scans; and (3) Discomfort (redness, swelling, itching, pain, and infection)	No significant reduction in volume; reduction of conservative managements (50%)	1, 3, 6, and 12 mo

ADSCs: Adipose-derived stem cells; BCRL: Breast cancer–related lymphedema; NM: Not mentioned; N: None.