Stem cell therapy for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases: Global trends of clinical trials

Table 1 Characteristics of published clinical trials

ID	Condition	Cell type	Case	Phase	Duration	Result
NCT00683722	COPD	Progenitor cells	62	II	2 yr	No infusional toxicities, deaths, and SAE
NCT01110252	COPD/ Emphysema	BM-MSCs	4	NA	1 yr	No SAE; significant improvement in the quality of life and clinical conditions
NCT01306513	Emphysema	BM-MSCs	10	I	8 wk	No SAE; increased CD31 expression
NCT01775774	ARDS	BM-MSCs	9	I	8 wk	No infusional toxicities, no SAE
NCT02097641	ARDS	BM-MSCs	60	II	8 wk	No SAE; improve MV and PEEP
NCT00257413	PAH	EPCs	31	NA	12 wk	No SAE; increased MWD, PAP, PVR, and cardiac output
NCT00469027	PAH	EPCs	7	I	1 yr	Well tolerated; increased MWD
NCT02181712	BOS	MSC	9	I	4 wk	No SAE

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ARDS: Acute respiratory distress syndrome; PAH: Pulmonary arterial hypertension; BOS: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome; MWD: Mean walked distance; SAE: Severe adverse events; MV: Minute ventilation; PEEP: Positive-end expiratory pressure; PAP: Pulmonary artery pressure; PVR: Pulmonary vascular resistance; NA: Not available.