Current and future uses of skeletal stem cells for bone regeneration

Table 1 Clinical trials employing mesenchymal stem cells for bone healing

Title	Conditions	Interventions	Phase	Enrollment	Status
Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in tibial closed diaphyseal fractures	Tibial fracture	Mesenchymal stem cell injection	2	40	Completed
The efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for stimulating the union in treatment of non-united tibial and femoral fractures in Shahid Kamyab Hospital	Nonunion fracture	Injection of mesenchymal stem cell in non-union site	2	19	Completed
Bone regeneration with mesenchymal stem cells	Mandibular fractures	Application of autologous mesenchymal stem cells	3	20	Completed
Stem cells and tibial fractures	Tibial fractures	CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells	1	9	Completed
Autologous implantation of mesenchymal stem cells for the treatment of distal tibial fractures	Tibial fractures	Autologous mesenchymal stem cells implantation	2	24	Completed
Autologous stem cell therapy for fracture non-union healing	Non-union of fractures	Carrier plus in vitro expanded autologous BMSCs	Not applicable	35	Completed
Treatment of non-union of long bone fractures by autologous mesenchymal stem cells	Nonunion fractures	Cell injection	1	6	Completed
Percutaneous autologous bone-marrow grafting for open tibial shaft fracture	Tibial fractures; fractures, open	Osteosynthesis	Not applicable	85	Completed
Use of adult bone marrow mononuclear cells in patients with long bone nonunion	Long bone nonunion	Osteosynthesis	2	7	Completed
A comparative study of 2 doses of BM autologous H-MSC+ biomaterial vs iliac crest autograft for bone healing in non-union	Non-union fracture	Cultured mesenchymal stem cells; autologous iliac crest graft	3	108	Recruiting
Clinical trial of intravenous infusion of fucosylated bone marrow mesenchymal cells in patients with osteoporosis	Osteoporosis; spinal fractures	Fucosylated MSCs for osteoporosis	1	10	Recruiting
Reconstruction of jaw bone using mesenchymal stem cells	Bone atrophy	BCP with autologous MSCs	1	13	Enrolling by invitation

BMSCs: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells; BM: Bone marrow; MSCs: Mesenchymal stem cells.