Effects of normobaric cyclic hypoxia exposure on mesenchymal stem-cell differentiation–pilot study on bone parameters in elderly

Table 3 Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements at baseline (PRE) and after 18 wk (POST) for hypoxia exposure (n = 5) and control (n = 5) groups

Parameter		PRE, (mean ± SD)	%	POST, (mean ± SD)	Cohen’s d measure	MDC (%)	Wilcoxon’s test	Man Whitney U’s test
Fat mass (%)
Whole body	HYP	31.74 ± 10.08	–5.23	30.08 ± 12.47	0.15	12.38	0.225	0.841
	CON	36.39 ± 6.32	–1.37	35.89 ± 5.87	0.08	4.18	0.225
Trunk	HYP	25.13 ± 6.08	8.40	27.24 ± 12.27	0.23	34.74	0.500	0.841
	CON	33.45 ± 7.66	7.23	35.87 ± 9.08	0.29	33.27	0.893
Bone mineral density (g ∙ cm–2)
Whole body	HYP	0.880 ± 0.145	7.04$	0.942 ± 0.205	0.35	11.42	0.043	0.008
	CON	0.986 ± 0.053	–6.29	0.924 ± 0.052	1.18	5.37	0.042
Right leg	HYP	0.908 ± 0.149	0.44	0.912 ± 0.186	0.02	9.55	0.892	0.310
	CON	0.994 ± 0.071	–3.22	0.962 ± 0.068	0.46	4.98	0.109
Femoral	HYP	0.744 ± 0.118	0.81	0.750 ± 0.126	0.05	3.79	0.705	0.095
	CON	0.844 ± 0.042	–1.18	0.834 ± 0.051	0.22	2.06	0.129
Femoral neck	HYP	0.686 ± 0.106	–2.92	0.666 ± 0.108	0.19	1.96	0.041	1.000
	CON	0.752 ± 0.067	–2.39	0.734 ± 0.068	0.27	2.11	0.059
Trochanter	HYP	0.568 ± 0.097	3.17	0.586 ± 0.093	0.19	5.20	0.109	0.056
	CON	0.654 ± 0.064	–1.22	0.646 ± 0.069	0.12	4.66	0.461

HYP: Hypoxic exposure group; CON: Control group; %: Percentage of change between PRE and POST measurement outcomes; MDC: Minimum detectable change.