In vivo cardiac pacemaker function of differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue transplanted into porcine hearts

Figure 5 Paced and spontaneous ventricular rhythm recordings after atrioventricular node ablation. A: Assessment of intrinsic heart rate every second day (intervention rate of electronic pacemaker devices was switched from 40 to 30 bpm); B: 24-h heart rate recordings stratified by heart rate (intervention rate of electronic pacemaker devices was left at 40 bpm); C: 24-h heart rate recordings stratified by percentage of paced and ventricular escape rhythms (intervention rate of electronic pacemaker devices was left at 40 bpm). PBS: Phosphate-buffered saline; nhaMSC: Native human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue; dhaMSC: Differentiated human mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue.